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	[4K] Depeche Mode Stripped Dallas Texas FRONT ROW LIVE October 2 2023 (Bibi) View
	(rubenv101) View
	Rammstein - Stripped (Live) Starplex Pavilion Dallas, TX June 29, 2017 (Rhys Corben) View
	“Stripped” by Strangelove (6/28/19 House Of Blues/Dallas, TX) (rubenv101) View
	“Stripped” by Strangelove (1/4/19 Gas Monkey Live/Dallas, TX) (rubenv101) View
	(rubenv101) View
	(Lukretiah 101) View
	Stripped - Dallas, TX (stefnyatthedisco) View
	“Stripped” by Devotional (6/2/18 Gas Monkey Live/Dallas, TX) (rubenv101) View
	Depeche Mode Live Dallas, TX American Airlines Center Stripped 10-1-2023 (Riley Geer) View